Teachers  have so many roles to play and balls to juggle that life can seem overwhelming for much of the time.   Added to their load is the expectation that they have to be able to meet the needs of children with a wide variety of abilities and challenges.   No wonder they feel unraveled by the end of term!

But is there something they can do to perhaps better understand the causes of the frustrating behaviours they have to deal with in classrooms every day?  When children continually daydream, fail to listen, seem to be unable to follow simple instructions and are incapable of completing any work, it is understandable that their thoughts turn to ‘ADHD’.  Social media also continues to emphasise the number of children diagnosed with ADHD in various countries so it seems logical to conclude that the child in their class is yet another with the disorder.   But perhaps they’re making a mistake.

South Africa has one of the highest rates in the world of prescribing medication for ADHD – even higher than the USA.   Parents are lamenting that sometimes a third of their child’s class is on some or other psychostimulant or other brain-altering drug to control difficult behaviour.

It is easy to believe that ADHD is a widespread mental disorder but that is a fallacy.  In our work, Integrated Learning Therapy practitioners and teachers who have studied with us see how other underlying causes can be ignored in favour of an ‘easy’ diagnosis, with a seemingly quick fix of a drug to quieten children down and calm the classroom.  When we take the time and the trouble to investigate more closely, we have found there are many other causes for children’s inability to behave appropriately and learn efficiently.

Our approach finds support around the world, where there is far greater emphasis on finding out why a child behaves in certain ways or fails to learn rather than accepting the symptoms.  So many underlying causes can cause identical symptoms – and the actual incidence of ‘real’ ADHD is far, far lower than commonly believed 

Some of these causes are due to neurodevelopmental problems, meaning that brain development did not proceed optimally.  These we can identify and correct.  Other causes are linked to nutrition intolerances and poor diets.  Others may be due to lifestyle, anxiety and so on.

My fervent wish is that teachers could be better equipped with the knowledge and skills to understand what lies beneath the surface.  We see the iceberg, but have no understanding of what is invisible to us below the level of the water.

This is why Integrated Learning Therapy (ILT) offers in-service courses designed to help teachers gain this knowledge.   Our eco-systemic approach has been helping children for nearly twenty years now to shed the label of ADHD and other incorrect diagnoses.  Teachers who train with us stop insisting that children have a mental condition and pushing parents towards medications.  Schools have made changes to tuck shops and lunch boxes too and even added brief periods of movement to help children’s behaviour improve.  This is the natural, sensible and intelligent approach to the torrent of behavioural challenges we experience in the classrooms.

Our courses are accredited with SACE so in addition to valuable, add-on knowledge, you gain CPTD points.  ILT 1 will earn you 14 points.

In the words of a fellow teacher: “Integrated Learning Therapy should be compulsory for all teacher training courses.  I’m really seeing children with new eyes these days!”

 

Image supplied by Freepik.

 

 

 

Martin Doherty, writing for The Conversation, says that at the age of about four, children reach important milestones in brain development.

One of these is a huge improvement in understanding others’ thoughts and feelings. This is the start of empathy.  Another is in spatial thinking—understanding how objects are positioned and related. This is the beginning of the ability to read maps.

Martin and his colleague, Catherine Sayer, conducted a study with 175 two to five-year-olds to explore how children are able to use scale models to figure out where something is in the real world. At about four, children are able to use a scale model of a room to work out where something is. We thought that this might result from children’s understanding of how one thing can represent something else. But we actually found that four-year-olds’ ability to use scale models came from their spatial abilities.

At the same age, children start to understand that someone’s behaviour is due to what that person believes, not necessarily what is really the case. This has interesting consequences.

If you’ve played hide-and-seek with young children, you may have noticed that they aren’t always very good at it. They love the ritual of looking in all the wrong places first, but beforehand they may tell you where they are going to hide, hide in the same place every time, or not be especially hidden.

After their fourth birthday, they get much better at hide and seek. They understand that the seeker looks in the wrong places because they don’t know where the hider is.

At about three to four children also start to tell lies. They realize they can make someone believe something that isn’t true.

Understanding symbols

Martin’s earlier research with fellow psychologist Josef Perner suggests that four-year-olds don’t just start to understand how others’ minds work. Figuring this out is part of the development of an understanding of “representation”—that symbols, like thoughts, words, or pictures, can be used to stand for something else.

Children start to think about how words relate to objects. This means, for instance, knowing that “animal” can refer to something you already have a name for, such as “rabbit”. This might help children learn the new word.

Their ability to use a understand the components of pictures also improves around this age. Very young children use a lot of trial and error to complete a jigsaw, picking up random pieces to see if they fit. By the time they are about four years old, they start to use the picture as a guide, trying to connect lines and match bits of colour, while checking the guide picture on the box lid.

Developmental experiments

Another ability children develop at around four is using scale models. A classic set of developmental experiments involved a model of a regular household room. The real room had typical furniture—sofa, table, cupboard and so on—and the model had miniature versions laid out in the same way.

Children were shown where something was hidden in the model and told to find an object hidden in “the same place” in the room. Children of around four can find the object using the identical layouts. If shown a sticker under a particular chair in the model room, for example, they can go straight to the “same” chair in the other room. This is the fundamental understanding required to read maps.

Adults see scale models and maps as representations. Maps represent a town or a country. A scale model of, say, the Eiffel Tower represents the real thing. At first, Martin suspected children’s ability to use scale models is more evidence of understanding representation at this age.

He was wrong. Instead, the researchers found that this ability is based on a development in children’s spatial abilities that also occurs at about four. This is the ability to think about spaces and where objects are within them. Spatial abilities help with maths skills, and good spatial ability is linked to an interest in science, technology, engineering and mathematics.

Their experiment was simple. They compared the model room task with a test of understanding how representation works. The two abilities develop around the same age, but they found they were not related. Children who could do one task couldn’t necessarily do the other.

They also had a test of purely spatial ability. Children who passed the model room task also passed the spatial task. So it looks like the model room task relied on children‘s spatial thinking.

They don’t yet know why two important but apparently unrelated abilities arise at the same time. Perhaps it’s related to changes in the growing brain at this  interesting age.

Provided by The Conversation

Image supplied by Freepik.